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Wiktionary standard transliteration
- 1
- 𐬀
- 2
- 𐬁
- 3
- 𐬂
- 4
- 𐬃
- 5
- 𐬄
- 6
- 𐬅
- 7
- 𐬆
- 8
- 𐬇
- 9
- 𐬈
- 10
- 𐬉
- 11
- 𐬊
- 12
- 𐬋
- 13
- 𐬌
- 14
- 𐬍
- 15
- 𐬎
- 16
- 𐬏
- 17
- 𐬐
- 18
- 𐬑
- 19
- 𐬒
- 20
- 𐬓
- 21
- 𐬔
- 22
- 𐬕
- 23
- 𐬖
- 24
- 𐬗
- 25
- 𐬘
- 26
- 𐬙
- 27
- 𐬚
- 28
- 𐬛
- 29
- 𐬜
- 30
- 𐬝
- 31
- 𐬞
- 1
- a
- 2
- ā
- 3
- å
- 4
- ā̊
- 5
- ą
- 6
- ą̇̇
- 7
- ə
- 8
- ə̄
- 9
- e
- 10
- ē
- 11
- o
- 12
- ō
- 13
- i
- 14
- ī
- 15
- u
- 16
- ū
- 17
- k
- 18
- x
- 19
- x́
- 20
- xᵛ
- 21
- g
- 22
- ġ
- 23
- γ
- 24
- c
- 25
- j
- 26
- t
- 27
- θ
- 28
- d
- 29
- δ
- 30
- t̰
- 31
- p
- 32
- 𐬟
- 33
- 𐬠
- 34
- 𐬡
- 35
- 𐬢
- 36
- 𐬣
- 37
- 𐬤
- 38
- 𐬥
- 39
- 𐬦
- 40
- 𐬧
- 41
- 𐬨
- 42
- 𐬩
- 43
- 𐬪
- 44
- 𐬫
- 45
- 𐬬
- 46
- 𐬭
- 47
- 𐬮
- 48
- 𐬯
- 49
- 𐬰
- 50
- 𐬱
- 51
- 𐬲
- 52
- 𐬳
- 53
- 𐬴
- 54
- 𐬵
- 55
-
- 56
- 𐬹
- 57
- 𐬺
- 58
- 𐬻
- 59
- 𐬼
- 60
- 𐬽
- 61
- 𐬾
- 62
- 𐬿
- 32
- f
- 33
- b
- 34
- β
- 35
- ŋ
- 36
- ŋ́
- 37
- ŋᵛ
- 38
- n
- 39
- ń
- 40
- ṇ
- 41
- m
- 42
- m̨
- 43
- ẏ
- 44
- y
- 45
- v
- 46
- r
- 47
- l
- 48
- s
- 49
- z
- 50
- š
- 51
- ž
- 52
- š́
- 53
- ṣ̌
- 54
- h
- 55
- 56
- 57
- 58
- 59
- 60
- 61
- 62
The following table provides a comparative overview of the various transcription/transliteration schemes employed by various major scholars or works in the 19th and 20th century:
| Author | 𐬁 𐬀 | 𐬍 𐬌 | 𐬏 𐬎 | 𐬆 | 𐬇 | 𐬉 𐬈 | 𐬋 𐬊 | 𐬃 | 𐬄 | 𐬐 | 𐬑 | 𐬔 | 𐬖 | 𐬗 | 𐬘 | 𐬙 | 𐬚 | 𐬛 | 𐬜 | 𐬝 |
| Wiktionary | a ā | i ī | u ū | ə | ə̄ | e ē | o ō | ā̊ | ą | k | x | g | γ | c | j | t | θ | d | δ | t̰ |
| Anquetil du Perron | a,e ā | e, ī | o ou | é | é | é é | o ō | āo | an | k, c | kh | g | gh | tch | dj | t | th | d | d | d |
| Rask | a ā | i ī | u ū | œ [ä] | œ̄ | e e | o ō | āo | ą | k | q | g | γ | c | j | t | þ | d | đ | ŧ |
| Burnouf | a ā | i ī | u ū | e | è | ē ē | o ō | āo | ã | k | kh | g | gh | tch | dj | t | th | d | dh | ṭ |
| Spiegel | a ā | i ī | u ū | (ĕ) e | é | (ē)e (ē)ẹ | o ō | āo | (ań)ã | k | kh | g | gh | (ch) c | j | t | th | d | dh | (ṭ) ḍ |
| Haug | a ā | i ī | u ū | e | ê | ē ē | o ō | āo | ã | k | kh | g | gh | (ch) ć | (ǵ) j | t | th | d | dh | (t, ṭ) ḍ |
| Lepsius | a ā | i ī | u ū | e | ē | ẹ ẹ̄ | o ō | å | ã | k | [kʿ] χ | g | [gʿ] γ | (ḱ) č | [ǵ] ǰ | t | [tʿ] θ | d | dʿ | δ |
| Justi | a ā | i ī | u ū | e | é | ē ē | o ō | āo | ã | k | kh | g | gh | c | j | t | th | d | dh | ṭ |
| Roth | a ā | i ī | u ū | e | é | ē ē | o ō | āo | ã | k | kh | g | gh | c | ǵ | t | th | d | dh | (t, ṭ) t |
| Fr. Müller | a ā | i ī | u ū | (ĕ) e̥ | (é) ē̥ | e ē | o, o ō | ā̊ | ã | k | χ | g | γ | ć | ǵ | t | θ | d | δ | ṭ |
| Hübschmann | a ā | i ī | u ū | e | ē | ẹ ẹ̄ | o ō | å | (ã) ą | k | (χ) x | g | γ | (c) č | (j) ǰ | t | θ | d | δ | (θ̇, δ̇) ṫ, ḋ |
| Pischel | a ā | i ī | u ū | e | ē | ẹ ẹ̄ | o ō | ā̊ | ą | k | ⱨ | g | δ | (c) k̇ | (j) ġ | t | þ | d | đ | t̲, d̲ |
| de Harlez | a ā | i ī | u ū | e | é | è ē | o ō | o͞o | ã | k | ḱ | g | ǵ | c | j | t | t' | d | d' | δ |
| Sacred Books | a ā | i ï | u ū | e | e | ē ē | o ō | au | ã | k | kh | g | gh | k | g | t | th | d | dh | t |
| Geldner | a ā | i ī | u ū | e | (é) ê | (ē)e ē | o ō | āo | ã | k | kh | g | gh | c | (ǵ) j | t | th | d | dh | (t) ṭ |
| Bartholomae | a ā | i ī | u ū | e | ē | ẹ ẹ̄ | o ō | (āo) ā̊ | (ã) ą | k | (kh, χ, x) ⱨ | g | (gh, γ) δ | (ḱ, c) k̇ | (ǵ, j) ġ | t | (th, θ) þ | d | (dh, δ) đ | (ḍ, θ̣, δ̣) þ̱ |
| Brugmann | a ā | i ī | u ū | e | ē | ẹ ẹ̄ | o ō | ā̊ | ą | k | x | g | γ | c | j | t | þ | d | đ | þ̱, đ̱ |
| Author | 𐬟 𐬞 | 𐬡 𐬠 | 𐬫 | 𐬌𐬌 | 𐬭 | 𐬬 | 𐬎𐬎 | 𐬢 | 𐬣 | 𐬥 | 𐬧 | 𐬨 | 𐬯 | 𐬱 | 𐬴 | 𐬳 | 𐬰 | 𐬲 | 𐬵 | 𐬒 | 𐬓 | 𐬩 |
| Wiktionary | p f | b β | y | y | r | v | v | ŋ | ŋ́ | n | ṇ | m | s | š | ṣ̌ | š́ | z | ž | h | x́ | xᵛ | m̨ |
| Anquetil du Perron | p f | b v | i | ï | r | v | ōu | ng | ng | n | ān | m | s | sch | sch | sch | z | j | h | kh | kh | hm |
| Rask | p f | b v | y | y | r | w | w | g̃ | ñ | n | N | m | ç | s | s' | sk | z | z' | h | x | x | M |
| Burnouf | p f | b w | y | y | r | v | v | ng | ng | n | ñ | m | ç | s | ch | sk | z | j | h | q | q | hm |
| Spiegel | p f | b w | y | y | r | v | v | g̃ | ġ | n | ñ | m | (ç) s | (s) sh | (sh) s' | (sk) shk | z | (j̈) zh | h | q | q, hv | hm |
| Haug | p f | b w | y | y | r | v | v | (ṅ) ṇ | (ń) n, ṅ | n | ñ | m | (ç) s | (s) sh | sh | (sk) shk | z | (ź) zh | h | q | q | - |
| Lepsius | p [pʿ] f | b [bʿ] ṿ | y | y | r | v | w | ṅ | ṅ́ | n | ñ | m | [š́] ś | s | š | sk [š] | [ž́] ź | z | h | ʿv | ʿv | ʿm |
| Justi | p f | b w | y | y | r | v | v | ṅ | ń | n | ñ | m | ç | s | sh | sk | z | zh | h | q | q | - |
| Roth | p f | b w | j | j | r | v | v | ṅ | ń | n | ñ | m | ç | s | sh | sk | z | zh | h | q | q | - |
| Fr. Müller | p f | b (w)v | j | j | r | (v)w | (v)w | ṅ | ń | n | ñ | m | s | š | šh | šk | z | ž | h | q | q | - |
| Hübschmann | p f | b (β)w | y | y | r | v | v | ṅ | (ń) ṅ́ | n | ñ | m | s | š | ṣ̌ | (šk, š) š́ | z | ž | h | (ḥ) x' | (hƑ) xw | hm (mʿ) |
| Pischel | p f | b w | y | (y) i̯ | r | v | (v) u̯ | (ṅ) ŋ | (ñ) ṅ | n | ň | m | s | ṣ | ṣ̌ | - | z | ẓ | h | h· | (h·) ḫ | - |
| de Harlez | p f | b w | y | y | r | v | v | ǹ | ń | n | ñ | m | ç s | ś | sh | śk | z | zh | h | hᵛ | hᵛ | hm |
| Sacred Books | p f | b w | y | y | r | v | v | ng | N | n | n | m | s | s | sh | sk | z | zh | h | hv | hv | - |
| Geldner | p f | b w | (j) y | (j) y | r | v | v | ṅ́ | ń | n | (n) ñ | m | (ç) s | (s, ś, sh) š | (sh) š | (sk, sh) š | z | (zh) ž | h | (q) ḥ | q hv | - |
| Bartholomae | p (φ)f | b (β)w | j (y) | (j) i̯ | r | v | (v) u̯ | (ṅ, n̄) ŋ | (ń) ň | n | (ñ, ň) n | m | s | (š, ṣ) š | (sh, ṣ̌) š | (šk, ṣ̌, ṡ) š | z | (ž, ẓ) ž | h | (q, h·) ḥ | (q, hᵛ) ḫ | ʿm |
| Brugmann | p f | b w | y | y | r | v | v | ŋ | ň | n | n | m | s | š́ | š | ṣ̌́ | z | ž | h | x' | xw | - |