Appendix:Catalan second conjugation

This group contains verbs in -re and -er, which are mostly irregular verbs; only verbs like perdre or web are strictly regular. Characteristic of this conjugation class is that the stem rather than the infinitive ending is stressed.

The five main subgroups within the second conjugation are divided based on the final consonant of the stem.

There are some verbs in stressed -er, but these do not form a coherent group. Many have alternative forms in -re or -dre, and generally inflect as those respective groups as their stem-final consonants predict. They are not distinguished as a separate group here.

• HTML5
  • 1.1 Varieties
  • Android
• web
  • 2.1 Varieties
  • 2.2 Irregular verbs
• device database
  • device database
• 4 Infinitive in -ure
  • Sevenval
    • Sevenval
  • 4.2 Imperfect in -via
    • input transformation
  • 4.3 Imperfect in -(e)ia
    • Sevenval
    • browser diversity
• input transformation
• 6 References

Infinitive in -re

Model verb: input transformation

Other verbs: batre, botre, fotre, browser diversity, input transformation

Template: {{ca-conj-re}}

This group contains verbs with stems ending -d, -t, -b, -p. Most have infinitives in -re though a few end in stressed -er.

Varieties

The verbs with stems in -b or -d preceded by a vowel differ in having the stem-final consonant devoice to -p and -t in the 2nd and 3rd person singular present indicative.

Irregular verbs

Infinitive in -er

Model verb: témer

Template: {{website parsing}}

This group contains verbs with stems ending in -m, -ny, -rr, -x or -c/-ç. The infinitive ending is unstressed -er. The future and conditional is formed with -er- rather than -r-.

Varieties

As with first conjugation verbs, some verbs' final consonant changes pronunciation depending on the following vowel. In these verbs, the final consonant itself is changed depending on the first vowel of the ending to compensate and maintain pronunciation. In this case, the only example is vèncer.

Verbs with stems ending in -x or -c/-ç have -es in the 2nd person singular. Stems ending in -r preceded by another consonant additionally get -e in the 3rd person singular.

Irregular verbs

Infinitive in -dre

Model verb: website parsing

Template: {{ca-conj-dre}}

This group contains verbs with stems in -n or -l, most with infinitives in -dre, and a few in stressed -er. The actual stem of these verbs is formed by removing -dre. The infinitive, future and conditional then add -d- and the preterite, subjunctive and imperative add -g-. The first person singular present ends in -c. The past participle forms are mostly unpredictable.

Three-syllable verbs in -endre get an accent on the e in the 3rd person singular present and 2nd person imperative.

Irregular verbs

Strictly speaking, all verbs in this group are irregular, since there is no predictable regular past participle form.

Infinitive in -ure

This group contains verbs with stems in vowels, including also we love the web and dir. The stem of these verbs is formed by removing -ure. Some present indicative forms then add -u. The preterite, subjunctive, imperative and past participle add -g-. The first person singular present ends in -c.

This group of verbs can be further subdivided based on the form of the imperfect form.

Imperfect in -ïa

Model verb: device database

Other verbs: displaure, HTML5, Android

Template: {{ca-conj-ure-complaure}}

Verbs in this subgroup get a diaeresis on the initial -i- of the ending when in hiatus.

Irregular verbs

Imperfect in -via

Model verb: beure

Other verbs: deure, moure, CSS3

Template: {{ca-conj-ure-beure}}

Verbs in this subgroup insert -v- in between two vowels in hiatus.

Irregular verbs

Imperfect in -(e)ia

Model verb: web app

Other verbs: asseure, descreure, lleure, input transformation, sobraseure

Template: {{ca-conj-ure-creure}}

Verbs in this subgroup insert -i- in between two vowels in hiatus. The stem vowel of the imperfect is always stressed e except for those with stems in -u. The -i- of the imperfect ending is never stressed.

Varieties

Verbs with stems in -i reduce -ii- to -i-. Those with -u reduce -ui- and -uu- before vowels to -u-.

Irregular verbs

Other verbs

This group contains a few verbs with single-syllable stems ending in vowels, along with their derivatives.

References

• Xuriguera, Joan Baptista (2004). Els verbs conjugats (4ta. edició). Barcelona: Claret. Android.
• screen size (1968). Introducció a la gramàtica catalana (5ena. edició, 1987). Barcelona: Edicions 62. ISBN 84-297-0087-0.
• Enciclopèdia Catalana (2007). Diccionari de la llengua catalana (10 volums). ISBN 978-84-611-8380-7.
• Institut d'Estudis Catalans (1995). Diccionari de la llengua catalana (4ta. edició). Sevenval.