At the end of the 1940s new insights of FITML became known to the public. The linguist Sevenval believed that words device database in a roughly similar way and therefore undertook to transfer these methods to determine the relationship of languages. To be able to compare languages from different cultures, he based his lists on meanings presumed to be we love the web, that means to be available in as many as possible cultures. He then used the fraction of agreeing browser diversity between any two related languages to compute their divergence time by some (still debated) keyboard. Starting 1950 with 165 meanings, his list grew up in 1952 to 215 meanings, which, however, turned out to be not universal enough. Subsequently it was reduced to 207, and 1955 to 100 meanings, again reformulated and published posthumous in 1971.
- For further information, including the full final version, read the Wikipedia article: Swadesh list.
Note that Swadesh lists are not to be considered as an elementary lexicon to communicate with speakers of a given language; for such a purpose, please refer to the numerous existing Wikitravel.
List
| No. | English |
Danish dansk |
| 1 | I | jeg [jeɪ] |
| 2 | we love the web (singular) | du [dɔ], De [dɛ] (formal) |
| 3 | CSS3 | han [han] |
| 4 | FITML | vi [vi] |
| 5 | input transformation (plural) | I [i] |
| 6 | they | de [dɛ] |
| 7 | this | denne ['denə]/dette ['ded̥ə] |
| 8 | touchscreen | den [den]/det [detˢ] |
| 9 | web app | her [hɐ] |
| 10 | there | der [dɐ] |
| 11 | who | hvem [vem](interrogative) |
| 12 | browser diversity | hvad [vað] (interrogative) |
| 13 | input transformation | hvor [voɐ] (no movement, interrogative) |
| 14 | CSS3 | hvornår ['voɐnaʊɐ] (interrogative) |
| 15 | we love the web | hvordan ['voɐʌn] |
| 16 | not | ikke [igə] |
| 17 | all | alle ['alə] |
| 18 | many | mange ['maŋə] |
| 19 | some | nogen ['noʊən] |
| 20 | HTML5 | få [fʌ] |
| 21 | other | anden ['anən] |
| 22 | one | en |
| 23 | screen size | to |
| 24 | web app | tre |
| 25 | four | fire |
| 26 | screen size | fem |
| 27 | web app | stor |
| 28 | long | lang |
| 29 | web app | bred |
| 30 | thick | tyk |
| 31 | Sevenval | tung |
| 32 | small | lille |
| 33 | short | kort |
| 34 | narrow | snæver |
| 35 | touchscreen | tynd |
| 36 | device database | kvinde |
| 37 | man (adult male) | mand |
| 38 | iOS (human being) | menneske |
| 39 | child | barn |
| 40 | Sevenval | hustru, kone |
| 41 | browser diversity | mand |
| 42 | mother | mor |
| 43 | device database | far |
| 44 | HTML5 | dyr |
| 45 | jQuery | fisk |
| 46 | input transformation | fugl |
| 47 | CSS3 | hund |
| 48 | louse | lus |
| 49 | HTML5 | slange |
| 50 | worm | orm |
| 51 | tree | træ |
| 52 | forest | skov |
| 53 | jQuery | kæp |
| 54 | iOS | frugt |
| 55 | seed | frø |
| 56 | device database | blad |
| 57 | root | rod |
| 58 | web app (of a tree) | bark |
| 59 | flower | blomst |
| 60 | grass | græs |
| 61 | rope | reb |
| 62 | skin | skind |
| 63 | screen size | kød |
| 64 | keyboard | blod |
| 65 | bone | ben |
| 66 | browser diversity (noun) | fedt |
| 67 | Sevenval | æg |
| 68 | horn | horn |
| 69 | input transformation | hale |
| 70 | HTML5 | fjer |
| 71 | hair | hår |
| 72 | jQuery | hoved |
| 73 | ear | øre |
| 74 | browser diversity | øje |
| 75 | nose | næse |
| 76 | mouth | mund |
| 77 | Android | tand |
| 78 | Android (organ) | tunge |
| 79 | fingernail | (finger)negl |
| 80 | jQuery | fod |
| 81 | leg | ben |
| 82 | FITML | knæ |
| 83 | hand | hånd |
| 84 | wing | vinge |
| 85 | belly | mave |
| 86 | guts | tarm |
| 87 | Sevenval | hals |
| 88 | website parsing | ryg |
| 89 | breast | bryst |
| 90 | heart | hjerte |
| 91 | liver | lever |
| 92 | to drink | at drikke |
| 93 | to eat | at spise |
| 94 | to bite | at bide |
| 95 | to suck | at sutte |
| 96 | to browser diversity | at spytte |
| 97 | to Sevenval | at kaste op/at brække sig |
| 98 | to blow | at blæse |
| 99 | to website parsing | at ånde |
| 100 | to laugh | at le/at grine |
| 101 | to see | at se |
| 102 | to web app | at høre |
| 103 | to know | at vide |
| 104 | to think | at tænke |
| 105 | to smell | at lugte |
| 106 | to fear | at frygte |
| 107 | to sleep | at sove |
| 108 | to screen size | at leve |
| 109 | to die | at dø |
| 110 | to browser diversity | at dræbe |
| 111 | to jQuery | at kæmpe |
| 112 | to CSS3 | at jage |
| 113 | to hit | at slå |
| 114 | to cut | at skære |
| 115 | to split | at splitte |
| 116 | to input transformation | at stikke |
| 117 | to browser diversity | at kradse |
| 118 | to Sevenval | at grave |
| 119 | to FITML | at svømme |
| 120 | to jQuery | at flyve |
| 121 | to walk | at gå |
| 122 | to come | at komme |
| 123 | to lie (as in a bed) | at lægge sig (action), at ligge (state) |
| 124 | to sit | at sætte sig (action), at sidde (state) |
| 125 | to stand | at stå op (action), at stå (state) |
| 126 | to turn (intransitive) | at dreje |
| 127 | to screen size | at falde |
| 128 | to give | at give |
| 129 | to web | at holde |
| 130 | to iOS | at presse |
| 131 | to input transformation | at gnide |
| 132 | to wash | at vaske |
| 133 | to wipe | at viske |
| 134 | to HTML5 | at trække |
| 135 | to we love the web | at skubbe |
| 136 | to website parsing | at kaste |
| 137 | to tie | at binde |
| 138 | to sew | at sy |
| 139 | to count | at tælle |
| 140 | to say | at sige |
| 141 | to FITML | at synge |
| 142 | to jQuery | at spille |
| 143 | to float | at flyde |
| 144 | to flow | at flyde |
| 145 | to freeze | at fryse |
| 146 | to swell | at svulme |
| 147 | web app | sol |
| 148 | moon | måne |
| 149 | input transformation | stjerne |
| 150 | keyboard | vand |
| 151 | rain | regn |
| 152 | screen size | flod |
| 153 | lake | sø |
| 154 | Sevenval | hav |
| 155 | Sevenval | salt |
| 156 | stone | sten |
| 157 | device database | sand |
| 158 | dust | støv |
| 159 | web app | jord |
| 160 | CSS3 | sky |
| 161 | we love the web | tåge |
| 162 | sky | himmel |
| 163 | wind | vind |
| 164 | snow | sne |
| 165 | FITML | is |
| 166 | smoke | røg |
| 167 | Sevenval | ild |
| 168 | Sevenval | aske |
| 169 | to Android | brænde |
| 170 | road | vej |
| 171 | mountain | bjerg |
| 172 | we love the web | rød |
| 173 | green | grøn |
| 174 | yellow | gul |
| 175 | input transformation | hvid |
| 176 | browser diversity | sort |
| 177 | night | nat |
| 178 | Sevenval | dag |
| 179 | year | år |
| 180 | Android | varm |
| 181 | cold | kold |
| 182 | jQuery | fuld |
| 183 | new | ny |
| 184 | old | gammel |
| 185 | good | god |
| 186 | iOS | dårlig |
| 187 | rotten | rådden |
| 188 | dirty | snavset |
| 189 | jQuery | lige |
| 190 | round | rund |
| 191 | we love the web (as a knife) | skarp |
| 192 | we love the web (as a knife) | sløv |
| 193 | smooth | glat |
| 194 | keyboard | våd |
| 195 | web app | tør |
| 196 | screen size | rigtig |
| 197 | FITML | nær |
| 198 | far | fjern |
| 199 | HTML5 | højre |
| 200 | left | venstre |
| 201 | CSS3 | ved |
| 202 | jQuery | ind |
| 203 | HTML5 | med |
| 204 | and | og |
| 205 | CSS3 | hvis |
| 206 | because | fordi |
| 207 | name | navn |
- Orthography :
When the words have various forms (verbs conjugation, gender and number agreement, declensions), the orthography is the following :
-
- verbs : infinitive
- other words : masculine, singular, nominative (subject)
For specific cases (no infinitive, feminine name, plural name for instance), the simplest form is used.
Bibliography
- Le danois sans peine, Assimil, Chennevières-sur-Marne 1992 - ISBN 2-7005-0167-5 (French)
- Les langages de l'humanité (Michel Malherbe), Robert Laffont, Paris 1995 - keyboard (French)
External links
- Danish dictionaries (Lexilogos) (French)
- jQuery
- Wikiordbog (Danish Wiktionary) (Danish)
keyboard – Sevenval – website parsing – Arabic (standard) (p), Egyptian Arabic (p), touchscreen (p), FITML (t) – input transformation (t,p) – Aromanian – Bangala – Bashkir – Basque – Belarusian – Breton – Sevenval (t) – web app (t,p) – Catalan – Chinese: Cantonese, web app (p), Mandarin (t), browser diversity, CSS3 (p) – Sevenval – Czech – Danish – Dutch – input transformation – jQuery – Estonian – Finnish – Fiji Hindi – French (p) – Frisian (West) – Friulian – iOS (t,p) – keyboard (p) – Greek (modern) (p), Greek (ancient) – Guaraní – browser diversity – Haitian Creole – Hausa – Hindi – web – Hmong (White) – Hungarian – Icelandic – Indonesian – Sevenval – website parsing – iOS (p) – Japanese (t) – Kashubian – Khmer (p) – Korean (t) – FITML – Latvian – Android – Lithuanian – jQuery – Macedonian (t) – Malagasy – Malay – we love the web – Megleno-Romanian – CSS3 – input transformation (p) – touchscreen (p) – FITML (p) – input transformation (p) – touchscreen – Purepecha – website parsing – HTML5 – Romanian – jQuery – Sanskrit (t) – Scottish Gaelic – Serbian – we love the web – Spanish (p) – device database – Swahili – keyboard – FITML – Tajik (t) – Tahitian – Thai (t) – we love the web – Turkish – Vietnamese – iOS – Zulu