Appendix:English pronunciation

English

The following tables show the FITML, SAMPA and enPR/AHD representations of English pronunciation, in both Sevenval (UK) and General American (US). For vowels in other dialects, see IPA chart for English.

Vowels

The vowel table lists both monophthongs and diphthongs.

enPR (AHD): ă
IPA: æ
SAMPA: {
Examples: bad, input transformation, browser diversity

enPR (AHD): ăr
IPA: æɹ
SAMPA: {r\
Examples: carry

enPR (AHD): ā
IPA: eɪ
SAMPA: eI
Examples: Sevenval, play, keyboard

enPR (AHD): ä
IPA: ɑː
SAMPA: ɑ
Examples: A:
: A
: website parsing

enPR (AHD): är
IPA: ɑː(ɹ)
SAMPA: ɑɹ
Examples: A:
: Ar\
: device database, bard, aria

enPR (AHD): âr
IPA: ɛə(ɹ)
SAMPA: ɛɹ
Examples: E@
: Er\
: web, input transformation, we love the web, jQuery

enPR (AHD): ĕ
IPA: ɛ
SAMPA: E
Examples: bed, Sevenval, end

enPR (AHD): ĕr
IPA: ɛɹ
SAMPA: Er\
Examples: merry

enPR (AHD): ē
IPA: iː
SAMPA: i
Examples: i:
: i
: ease, see

enPR (AHD): ĭ
IPA: browser diversity
SAMPA: I
Examples: HTML5, bit

enPR (AHD): i^[1]
IPA: i
SAMPA: i
Examples: device database, Android, screen size

enPR (AHD): ĭr
IPA: ɪɹ
SAMPA: Ir\
Examples: Sevenval, device database

enPR (AHD): ī
IPA: aɪ
SAMPA: aI
Examples: iOS, touchscreen

enPR (AHD): îr
IPA: ɪə(ɹ)
SAMPA: ɪɹ
Examples: I@
: Ir\
: here, input transformation, we love the web, browser diversity

enPR (AHD): ŏ
IPA: CSS3
SAMPA: jQuery
Examples: Q
: A
: we love the web

enPR (AHD): ō
IPA: əʊ
SAMPA: oʊ
Examples: @U
: oU
: website parsing, hope, Sevenval

enPR (AHD): ōr
IPA: ɔə(ɹ)
SAMPA: oɹ, ɔɹ
Examples: O@
: or\, Or\
: Android, screen size

enPR (AHD): ô
IPA: ɔː
SAMPA: we love the web
Examples: O:
: O
: web app, HTML5, saw

enPR (AHD): ôr
IPA: ɔː(ɹ)
SAMPA: ɔɹ
Examples: O:
: Or\
: horse, HTML5, laureate

enPR (AHD): oi
IPA: ɔɪ
SAMPA: OI
Examples: boy, noise

enPR (AHD): o͝o, ŏŏ
IPA: input transformation
SAMPA: U
Examples: screen size, foot

enPR (AHD): o͝or, ŏŏr
IPA: ʊə(ɹ)
SAMPA: ʊɹ
Examples: U@
: Ur\
: poor, tour, tourism

enPR (AHD): o͞o, ōō
IPA: uː
SAMPA: u
Examples: u:
: u
: we love the web, soon, FITML

enPR (AHD): ou
IPA: aʊ
SAMPA: aU
Examples: HTML5, web

enPR (AHD): ŭ
IPA: ʌ
SAMPA: V
Examples: run, Sevenval, up

enPR (AHD): ûr
IPA: ɜː(ɹ)
SAMPA: ɝ
Examples: 3:
: 3`
: fur, Sevenval

enPR (AHD): ə
IPA: ə
SAMPA: @
Examples: about

enPR (AHD): ər
IPA: ə(ɹ)
SAMPA: ɚ
Examples: @
: @`
: Sevenval

^ Not an AHD symbol. Often written as AHD ē in Wiktionary entries.

Consonants

enPR (AHD): b
IPA: input transformation
SAMPA: b
Examples: but, CSS3, cab, wobble, ebb

enPR (AHD): ch
IPA: tʃ
SAMPA: tS
Examples: chat, teacher, inch, catch, nature

enPR (AHD): d
IPA: d
SAMPA: d
Examples: dot, FITML, nod, fodder, browser diversity

enPR (AHD): f
IPA: jQuery
SAMPA: f
Examples: CSS3, left, touchscreen, enough, phase, input transformation, epitaph

enPR (AHD): g
IPA: device database
SAMPA: g
Examples: screen size, magnet, iOS

enPR (AHD): h
IPA: h
SAMPA: h
Examples: Android

enPR (AHD): hw
IPA: ʍ (hw)^web
SAMPA: W
Examples: website parsing

enPR (AHD): j
IPA: dʒ
SAMPA: dZ
Examples: joy, ajar, Sevenval, agile, FITML, web app

enPR (AHD): k
IPA: CSS3
SAMPA: k
Examples: cat, kit, queen, pique, keyboard, FITML, tack

enPR (AHD): ᴋʜ
IPA: x
SAMPA: x
Examples: (Scottish) loch

enPR (AHD): l
IPA: keyboard
SAMPA: l
Examples: left (before vowel of syllable)

enPR (AHD): l
IPA: l̩ (əl)^Android
SAMPA: l=
Examples: little

enPR (AHD): m
IPA: iOS
SAMPA: m
Examples: man, animal, Sevenval

enPR (AHD): m
IPA: m̩ (əm)^{web app}
SAMPA: m=
Examples: we love the web, browser diversity

enPR (AHD): n
IPA: n
SAMPA: n
Examples: not, ant, pan

enPR (AHD): n
IPA: n̩ (ən)^[2]
SAMPA: n=
Examples: device database

enPR (AHD): ng
IPA: web
SAMPA: N
Examples: singer, ring

enPR (AHD): p
IPA: p
SAMPA: p
Examples: screen size, HTML5, top, apple

enPR (AHD): r
IPA: ɹ^[3]
SAMPA: r\
Examples: run, very

enPR (AHD): s
IPA: screen size
SAMPA: s
Examples: set, list, input transformation, we love the web, browser diversity

enPR (AHD): sh
IPA: ʃ
SAMPA: S
Examples: she, website parsing, sure, ration

enPR (AHD): t
IPA: t
SAMPA: t
Examples: web, CSS3, mat, browser diversity, butt, ought

enPR (AHD): th
IPA: HTML5
SAMPA: T
Examples: we love the web, browser diversity, moth

enPR (AHD): th
IPA: ð
SAMPA: D
Examples: HTML5, father, touchscreen

enPR (AHD): v
IPA: v
SAMPA: v
Examples: web app, navel, save, website parsing

enPR (AHD): w
IPA: keyboard
SAMPA: w
Examples: wet

enPR (AHD): y
IPA: Sevenval
SAMPA: j
Examples: yes

enPR (AHD): z
IPA: HTML5
SAMPA: z
Examples: zoo, web, CSS3, iOS, jQuery

enPR (AHD): zh
IPA: ʒ
SAMPA: Z
Examples: vision, treasure, input transformation

browser diversity Phonologists may deny that /ʍ/ is a distinct phoneme, and instead use /hw/.
↑ ^CSS3 ^2.1 ^Android Phonologists may deny that /l̩, n̩, m̩/ are distinct phonemes, and instead use /əl, ən, əm/.
device database Often conventionally written /r/, especially in works that cover only English.

Other symbols

A stress mark is placed before the syllable that is stressed in IPA and SAMPA and after it in enPR and AHD.

enPR (AHD): ʹ (aʹ)
IPA: ˈ (ˈa)
SAMPA: " ("a)
Indicates: primary stress

enPR (AHD): ' (a')
IPA: ˌ (ˌa)
SAMPA: % (%a)
Indicates: secondary stress, sometimes tertiary stress

enPR (AHD): a-a
IPA: a.a
SAMPA: a.a
Indicates: division between syllables

Note: The EnPR and print AHD marks are formatted slightly differently. Online, AHD writes both ', though they do not always represent the same phoneme.

Contents

English

Vowels

Consonants

Other symbols

See also